AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 5KVA INVERTER
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The unreliability of the nation's electrical power supply is a well-established truth in today's society. There is now a substantial disruption in the provision of electrical power over the whole planet. As a consequence of the disruption in the supply of electrical power, a great deal of electrical apparatus has either begun to have issues or has completely ceased functioning (Buckey, 2022). As a result, numerous businesses have been rendered inoperable, which has had a negative impact on the economies of several nations, including Nigeria. In addition, there has been a noticeable rise in the number of instances of power supply disturbances, which is another kind of power pollution. Because of this, high voltage spikes and brief voltage decreases are rather typical. The performance of sensitive equipment in private and corporate organizations could be negatively impacted by these power disturbances, which could result in the loss of data and even damage to the equipment (Corner, 2021).
It is not an exaggeration to say that the supply of electrical power in Nigeria is currently in an epileptic condition at the present time. This has become the norm, to the point that many people in Nigeria now consider periodic power outages to be "Normal" and an accepted aspect of their everyday lives. It has been determined that this issue is caused by a diverse collection of causes. These include the occurrence of natural catastrophes, acts of vandalism, issues with maintainability and sustainability, as well as a dearth of locally produced material (Edward , 2022). Without examining other factors, such as a lack of political will to invest adequately in the power sector, an absence of replacement policy that results in obsolete equipment, an unsustainable human capacity building, and an inadequate reward and remuneration system to motivate human resources team members to perform well, the issue of poor quality power supply cannot be properly addressed. This is because it is impossible to properly address the problem without first examining other factors.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) has issued a recommendation stating that the supplies that should be available for usage should be continuous, uninterrupted, have a constant frequency, and be within the load specified in terms of voltage and current. These needs have taken on an even greater level of importance in light of the high level of sensitivity and level of complexity shown by the technology that is in use today (James, 2021).
Independent power systems have been proved to be not only feasible, but also very practical, thanks to the advancements achieved in the research and development of alternative sources of energy over the course of the last several decades (Rodriquez, 2021). However, for a number of different reasons, the majority of these systems only produce direct current (DC), and they typically only do so at low voltages. In point of fact, there is now a wide variety of generating equipment that is now available to allow individuals to take advantage of just about any renewable source of energy. Alternating current (AC) is regarded as the best and most practical kind of current, despite the fact that it is the kind of current that is used in the overwhelming majority of households. This is the consensus among most people.
Therefore, there is a need to be able to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), which will be of a constant frequency and also be used to power electrical circuits either in homes or in industries. This ability to convert direct current to alternating current is called direct current to alternating current conversion. An inverter is the name given to this kind of electrical instrument (James , 2022).
An inverter is a device or apparatus that uses power electronics to convert direct current to alternating current. This allows the direct current power produced by these generators to be used with regular alternating current appliances and/or mixed in with the power generated by the existing electrical grid.
An inverter is a piece of electrical equipment that changes direct current (DC) into alternating current (A.C); the converted A.C may be set to any desired voltage and frequency, thanks to the use of the proper transformer, switching, and control circuitry. Inverters are often used to convert direct current (DC) electricity from sources such as solar panels or batteries into alternating current (AC).
The outputs socket on this inverter is intended to provide a continuous alternating current supply of 220 volts to the loads that are connected to it. Even when the a.c. mains supply is no longer accessible, it continues to provide a continual supply of a.c. to the output socket. When the AC main supply is active, electricity travels via the inverter to the portion that contains the AC mains sensor, the relay, and the battery charging section. The relay receives information from this a.c mains sensor on the availability of a.c mains supply. When a.c. mains signals are received by this relay from the main supply, the relay then sends those a.c. mains signals on to the inverter output socket in a direct manner (Therja , 2019).
An example of a high power electronic oscillator is the electrical inverter, which may range anywhere from 220-240 volts and 50 hertz. Because early mechanical AC to DC converters were designed to operate in reverse and were therefore "inverted" to convert DC to AC, the term "inverter" was given to this piece of electrical equipment. An inverter is used to convert direct current to alternating current and serves the opposite purpose of a rectifier.
If one wants to get an inverter with a power output of 5000 watts, for example,
Total load to be connected = 5000watts
0.8 is the power factor (all inverters have a power factor between 0.6 and 0.8)
Inverter VA = 5000/0.8 = 6250 VA
Therefore, use an inverter with 7000 VA to power loads of 5000 watts.
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